The specimen must be processed to make it solid before it can be cut into sections. Tissue or cell specimens must be cut into very thin slices, called sections, so the pathologist can look at them under a microscope. The Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy fact sheet describes this procedure and its use in determining the extent, or stage, of cancer in the body.Ī pathologist may also examine cells that are present in bodily fluids, such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid around the brain and spinal cord), sputum (mucus from the lungs), peritoneal (abdominal cavity) fluid, pleural (chest cavity) fluid, cervical/vaginal smears, and bone marrow. If the entire tumor is removed, typically the surgeon will attempt to remove some normal tissue around the tumor (known as the margin) for examination by the pathologist to make sure that it doesn’t contain tumor cells.įor some cancer types, especially breast cancer and melanoma, the surgeon may also remove nearby lymph nodes, called the sentinel lymph nodes, so the pathologist can see if these contain cancer cells. If surgery is used to remove part or all of a tumor, some or all of the removed tumor specimen will be examined by the pathologist. inserting a thin, lighted tube called an endoscope through the mouth, anus, urethra, or a small incision in the skin to look at areas inside the body and remove a sample using special tools that pass through the tube.using a needle inserted through the skin to withdraw tissue or fluid.taking a tissue sample from the surface of the skin.The pathologist examines cells or tissues obtained during a biopsy (which is a procedure to remove a cell or tissue specimen for examination by a pathologist) or surgery or from bodily fluids.Ī biopsy specimen can be obtained in several ways, such as by How is tissue obtained for examination by a pathologist? It is also used for staging (describing the extent of cancer within the body, especially whether it has spread) and to help plan treatment.Ĭommon terms that may appear on a cancer pathology report include: The pathology report provides the definitive cancer diagnosis. It may also include a section for comments by the pathologist. It typically includes a gross description (a visual description of the specimen as seen by the naked eye), a microscopic description, and a final diagnosis. The pathology report is written by a pathologist, a doctor who has special training in identifying diseases by studying cells and tissues under a microscope.Ī pathology report includes identifying information (such as the patient’s name, birthdate, and biopsy date) and details about where in the body the specimen is from and how it was obtained. A pathology report (sometimes called a surgical pathology report) is a medical report that describes the characteristics of a tissue specimen that is taken from a patient.
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